Old Sumrë names

=Forenames=

The Sumnė are quaint in how they treat forenames. To them no one has a “true name”, there are no birth certificates to record and cement a name on someone. Rather a person's forename is a flexible feature in that a person can decide to be known by another name and have that seen as his proper name, not a mere nickname although some may know the person by an older name. Hence any person can have several names belonging to four possible Arėumdwo (“name mist”) or name sets. The first name set contains Tomoswu arėum (“herald-devotion name” - the reason of the meaning may become clearer further down) which is the names known and used by the individual, the second name set contains Hȯgėsamu arėum (“not attention-ly name”) which is the avoidance taboo names not known by the individual, the third name set contains Laawam arėum (“good name”) which is the respectful taboo names not used but known by the individual and the fourth set contains Arėumbo (“dead names”) which are names used to refer to people that have died. Any name belonging to the first class is considered equally proper no matter how many tomóswu names a person has. For example after the shaman Okasilan introduced the ability of fire with to his settlements he was afterwards known as Alatimonat (“I the first flame”). As well as having several proper names, each person can have to other sets of names. This is due to the belief that there is a large pane of energy which stretches across the world known as Tomdwir. It is believed that when a tomoswu arėum is spoken that it send a ripple in the pane towards the referent which reveals pure thought and intention to the person. It is considered rude to use someones tomoswu arėum when not in their prescience especially when speaking ill of them as it may alert the person about what you are saying! To get around this the Sumnė use someones hȯgėsamu name so that the referent is not alerted. A hȯgėsamu name is usually a physical or personality attribute that the referent has such as "crooked nose, swift hunter, she who paints" etc. It is important that the referent never knows his or her hȯgėsamu name or the effect will be broken. Since these hȯgėsamu names are not widely known or shared a person will have a different hȯgėsamu name in each of their social circles. Lastly the laawam names are those used to speak directly to the person with respect and goodwill. laawam names are used mostly when a child is speaking to an elder or in a display of gratitude but mostly when taking part in rituals. Much like hȯgėsamu names a laawam name is thought to reveal intention to the referent although due to their context lâwam names are used to transfer positive feelings. laawam names are formed much like hȯgėsamu names although their meanings will be more flattering and positive about the referent. It is considered rude and egotistic to use your own lâwam name about yourself however. Here is a quick table to show how these sets are used.

\begin{table}[H] \centering \begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c} &Who can say this name?&Who knows about this name?\\\toprule \textsc{Tomoswu}&Everyone&Everyone\\ \textsc{Hôgësamu}&Everyone except when in the presence of the referent&Everyone except the referent\\ \textsc{Lâwam}&Everyone except in the referent&Everyone\\ \textsc{Arëumbo}&Everyone, except the referent...obviously&everyone\\ \end{tabular} \caption{Usage of Sumric forenames} \end{table}

Due to this every person has several names, one whole set of which they will never know about. It is a customary funeral practice for people to write each name belonging to the deceased on a piece of cloth, including the hôgësamu names, and to tie these cloths onto a pole which is then mounted into the ground. This is so that the spirit of the deceased can learn what all of their names were before continuing to the afterlife. This pole is known as a \sco{arëumga} or \cf{name collection}. After someone has died they gain yet another name which is made from one of their tomóswu names with the suffix \sco{-bo} \cf{dead, lifeless} attached which places the name in the inanimate gender. Once dead a person can only be refereed to by their arëumbo.

\includegraphics[width=12cm, height=14cm]{AG1}

Creation of forenames
In Old Sumrë forenames are very open class and there are very productive ways of creating new names. The most common is to use active or passive nominalisers which create nouns out of verb/noun/adjective phrases for example the name \sco{Juilmodast} meaning \cf{I, the one who decides} comes from the verb \sco{juilmoden} \cf{to decide} with the first person singular active nominaliser \sco{-ast}. Also common is to nominalise whole sentences using the same suffixes such as with the name \sco{Emesasilñôt} \cf{I, the one who belongs to Asilñe} which is from the phrase \sco{emes Asilñôt} \cf{I belong to Asilñe} plus the first person active nominaliser \sco{-t} (Just earlier I said that the suffix was \sco{-ast}. Don't worry, I haven't become inconsistent, rather \sco{-t} is a postvocalic allomorph of \sco{-ast}). When a sentence is compounded in a name like that the high pitch is placed on the penultimate syllable of the last word only. Other name creating methods include using the gerund form of verbs such as with the name \sco{Tuirtta} \cf{glimmering} from the verb \sco{tuirten} \cf{to glimmer}, or double verb compounds where two verb stems are combined to create a new noun such as with the name \sco{Lavtuirt} \cf{enchanter} from the verbs \sco{laven} \cf{to like} and \sco{tuirten} \cf{to glimmer}. Last but not least another method is to use plain old compounding (although this method was most popular in the centuries preceding the golden age when compounding was an incredibly productive feature in Old Sumrë) such as with the name \sco{Biñamis} \cf{array of hope} from \sco{biña} \cf{hope} and \sco{mis} \cf{row of}. It is important to note that all of these derivation methods are used to create nouns in general (with the exception of nominalising sentences). Although derived names with transparent meanings are the most common sorts of names there are names which hold no meaning in Old Sumrë due to being inherited from earlier proto languages, a good example is \sco{Segwir} which is the name of the last man in Cwonarun who came form the cave city in Sumric mythology. To any Old Sumrë speaker his name is familiar but it holds no meaning to them, existing as a group of syllables. The name in fact comes from the Proto-Sumric \sco{*sọgwir-} meaning \cf{offcut, remnant}. This root has been all but lost in Old Sumrë and survives only in the name of one mythological figure. \\

Old Sumrë can also form names from whole sentences by compounding the words together and attaching the \cf{forename suffix} \bo{-mi}. Individual adjectives can become names with this suffix also:

\begin{itemize} \item \bo{suilal Biridûnô} \cf{Biridûn's eye} → \bo{Sulalbiridûnômi} \item \bo{suilâ misgat} \cf{I see the fish} → \bo{Sulâmisgatmi} \item \bo{howmâ varjô} \cf{I am destined for horror} → \bo{Howmâvarjômi} \item \bo{howmâ chant} \cf{I am destined to behold} → \bo{Howmâchantmi} \item \bo{drylh duilh} \cf{good globe} → \bo{Dylduilmi} \item \bo{ter} \cf{stubborn} → \bo{Termi} \item \bo{vsajel} \cf{legendary, historic, epic} → \bo{Vsajelmi} \item \bo{uilanlas} \cf{natural} → \bo{Ulanlasmi} \item \bo{ûcwe} \cf{real, tangible} → \bo{Ûcwemi} \item \bo{nin} \cf{green} → \bo{Ninmi} \item \bo{galdern} \cf{hot} → \bo{Galdernmi} \end{itemize}

Since Old Sumrë names can get quite long there is a common method used to create shorter pet names by deleting all syllables that are before the syllable with low tone. If the low toned syllable has a consonant in the onset that all syllables before that consonant are deleted: \sco{lelwegepëjurotvarna} → \sco{Rotvarna}. Another way of forming pet names it to attach the familial prefix \sco{le-} onto a name and deleting all syllables bar the first syllable of the name. This prefix triggers gemmination of the initial consonant or if the name begins in a vowel an /h/ is inserted before it: \sco{Altasi} → \sco{Lehal}\\

Namesakes
If a Sumnë wishes to name his child after someone then he can't simply give the new child the exact same name. Rather there are a set of suffixes and prefixes which serve this purpose. Note that every one of these affixes trigger gemmination of the following or preceding consonant or trigger /h/ insertion plus deletion of non-initial syllables (if the affix is a prefix) or deletion of syllables before the penultimate (if the affix is a suffix). \\

If the child is a boy and is being named after a related male then the prefix \bo{da-} is attached onto the original name. If the boy is being named after a related woman then the suffix \bo{-is}:\\

\begin{itemize} \item \bo{Alatit} → \bo{Dahal, Latittis} \item \bo{Brigarlati} → \bo{Dabbri, Latihis} \item \bo{Clacarpat} → \bo{Daccla, Carpattis} \end{itemize}

If the child is a girl and is being named after a related woman then the suffix is \bo{-el}. If the girl is being names after a related male then the prefix is \bo{ge-}:\\

\begin{itemize} \item \bo{Alatit} → \bo{Latittel, Gehal} \item \bo{Brigarlati} → \bo{Latittel, Gebbri} \item \bo{Clacarpat} → \bo{Carpattel, Geccla} \end{itemize}

If the child is being named after an unrelated person then the suffix \bo{-ur} is attached regardless of the gender of each person:\\

\begin{itemize} \item \bo{Alatit} → \bo{Latittur} \item \bo{Brigarlati} → \bo{Latittur} \item \bo{Clacarpat} → \bo{Carpattur} \end{itemize}

List of namesake affixes
\begin{itemize} \item \bo{da-} This prefix derives male names when the person was named after a male family member. This prefix triggers gemmination, fortition or /h/ insertion and causes the loss of all syllables after the first syllable in the original name. \item \bo{-el} This suffix derived female names when the person was named after a female family member. This suffix triggers gemmination or /h/ insertion and causes the loss of all syllables before the penultimate syllable in the original name. \item \bo{ge-} This prefix derives female names when the person was named after a male family member. This prefix triggers gemmination or /h/ insertion and causes the loss of all syllables after the first syllable in the original name. \item \bo{-is} This suffix derives male names when the person was named after a female family member. This suffix triggers gemmination or /h/ insertion and causes the loss of all syllables before the penultimate syllable. \item \bo{le-} \sco{familial prefix} The \sco{le-} prefix is attached to personal names to create an intimate pet form of a name used by immediate family member or by very close friends. This prefix triggers gemmination or fortition on the initial consonant, or inserts in /h/ if the name begins in a vowel. Names derived from this prefix lose all syllables after the first syllable of the name. \subitem \bo{Biridûn} → \bo{Lebbi} \subitem \bo{Âlëdre} → \bo{Lehâl} \subitem \bo{Uelcas} → \bo{Lehu} \subitem \bo{Dero} → \bo{Ledda} \subitem \bo{Termât} → \bo{Lette} \subitem \bo{Jorasihanerau} → \bo{Lehjo} \item \bo{-ur} This suffix derives male or female names when the person was named after a non-related person. This suffix triggers gemmination, fortition or /h/ insertion and causes the loss of all syllables before the penultimate syllable in the original name.

\end{itemize}

=Surnames=

Sumnë surname conventions differ between men and women. A woman will have a first and a last name while a man will have a first, middle and last name. A woman takes on her mother's family name as her last name while the man takes the motherṡ family name as his middle name and his father's famiy name as his last. Unlike forenames, surnames are not flexible and remain the same over the course of someones life.\\

\medskip \bo{Male family names} \medskip

Male family names stem from a Tomoswu name of an ancestor in the direct male line, mostly a well known ancestor or one worthy of remembering. The ancestors name is put in the genitive case and has the suffix \sco{-wesa} \cf{with blood} attached. So that the descendants of Altasi will bear the male family name \sco{Altasawesa} meaning \cf{with Altasi's blood}.\\

\medskip \bo{Female family names} \medskip

The tradition of passing down a unique ingredient from mother to daughter to wash her hair with is followed so strictly that the mother's side of the family is referred to by the ingredient used. For example the family whose ingredient is the panlonsëpa flower will be known as the \sco{panlonsëpañë} (\sco{-ñë} being the plural female diminutive) and the family which uses the garsëpa flower will be known as the \sco{garsëpañë}. A woman will take the singular form of the family name and a man will use the singular form (albeit with the masculine diminutive suffix) as his middle name. \\

\begin{itemize} \item Woman with a mother from the Garsëpañë family: \sco{Larësa Garsëpañe} \item Man with a mother from the Garsëpañë family and a father from the Altasawésa family: \sco{Ualcas Garsëpañuir Altasawesa} \end{itemize}

\subsection{List of Old Sumrë forenames}

Here I will give a list of Old Sumrë forenames followed by the meaning and the etymology of the name. Note that Old Sumrë names generally don't correlate with gender except for namesake names. However some names that are associated with historical and legendary figures do tend to be associated with the gender of the figure so that Altasi is generally considered a male name but it is possible for a woman to be named that. Names that have been derived with male and female diminutives do have assigned gender however and it would be considered very weird for a woman to have a name ending in \sco{-ñuir}. Since Old Sumrë names can get quite lengthy it is a common practice to shorten long names by deleting syllables that occur before the low pitch syllable and the syllable after the high pitch, after which the high pitch is shifted to the new penultimate syllable. I will include these shortened names alongside their longer official variants. The names will be listed with the following format:\\

\begin{itemize} \item \bo{Original name} \cf{ meaning of name} → etymology \subitem \sco{short name, pet name, male familial derivative (named after a man, female familial derivative (named after a man), male familial derivative (named after a woman), female familial derivative (named after a woman), non-familial derivative (name after a man or woman)} \end{itemize}

\begin{itemize}

\item \bo{Aiscolasmi} \cf{blaze, fire spirit} → \sco{aiscolas} \cf{name of a fire spirit} + \sco{-mi} \cf{forename suffix} \subitem \sco{Colas, Lehai, Dahai, Gehai, Lasmihis, Lasmihel, Lasmihur}

\item \bo{Alatimonat} \cf{I the first flame} → \sco{alati} \cf{flame} + \sco{-mona} \cf{first of} + \sco{-t} \cf{1sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Timon, Lehal, Dahal, Gehal, Monâttis, Monâttel, Monâttur} \item \bo{Alatit} \cf{I, the flame} → \sco{alati} \cf{flame} + \sco{-t} \cf{1sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Alat, Lehal, Dahal, Gehal, Latittis, Latittel, Latittur} \item \bo{Alativar} \cf{flame realm, candle} → \sco{alati} \cf{candle} + \sco{-var} \cf{realm, location of} \subitem \sco{Ativ, Lati, Lehal, Dahal, Gehal, Tivarris, Tivarrel, Tivarrur} \item \bo{Almyrnissôn} \cf{wolf council} → \sco{alh} \cf{council, meeting} + \sco{myrnissôn} \cf{paressive form of \sco{myrnis} which is the taboo word for wolf. This name is common among shamans who have completed their ritual of taming a wild wolf to use as a familiar} \subitem \sco{Myrniss, Lehal, Dahal, Gehal, Nissônnis, Nissônnel, Nissônnur } \item \bo{Altasi} \cf{meteor} → Proto-Sumric \sco{*altəsi-} \cf{meteor} →  Proto-Sumro-Naukl \sco{*hicaltasi-} \cf{meteor, I who have combusted} \subitem \sco{Alta, Lehal, Dahal, Gehal, Tasihis, Tasihel, Tasihur} \item \bo{Ansivarnat} \cf{I, the lofty one} → \sco{ansivarna} \cf{lofty, high reaching} + \sco{-t} \cf{1sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Sivar, Lehan, Dahan Gehan, Varnâttis, Varnâttel, Varnâttur } \item \bo{Arirtbrigarhau} \cf{he/she who controls the flow of the spark} → \sco{arjen} \cf{to divert, to control the flow of} + \sco{-rt} \cf{3sg active nominaliser} + \sco{brigarhû} \cf{accusative form of \sco{brigaro} \cf{spark}} \subitem \sco{Brigar, Lehar, Dahar, Gehar, Garhauhis, Garhauhel, Garhauhur} \item \bo{Artwomut} \cf{I, the one who reveals} → \sco{artwomuen} \cf{to reveal} →  \sco{-t} \cf{1sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Lehar, Dahar, Gehar, Twomuttis, Twomuttel, Twomuttur} \item \bo{Bedalparid} \cf{needle bearer} → \sco{bedal} \cf{needle} + \sco{parid} \cf{bearer, transporter of} \subitem \sco{Dalpar, Lebbe, Dabbe, Gebbe, Pariddis, Pariddel, Pariddur} \item \bo{Bimitapmi} \cf{honey} → \sco{bimitap} \cf{honey} + \sco{-mi} \cf{forename suffix} \subitem \sco{Mitap, Lebbi, Dabbi, Gebbi, Tapmihis, Tampihel, Tapmihur} \item \bo{Biñamis} \cf{array of hope} → \sco{biña} \cf{hope} + \sco{mis} \cf{array, row of} \subitem \sco{Biña, Lebbi, Dabbi, Gebbi, Ñamissis, Ñamissel, Ñamissur} \item \bo{Biridûn} \cf{giant sloth lookalike} → \sco{biri} \cf{giant sloth} + \sco{-dûn} \cf{looks like X}    \subitem \sco{Biri, Lebbi, Dabbi, Gebbi, Ridûnnis, Ridûnnel, Ridûnnur} \item \bo{Brigaralati} \cf{bright flame} → \sco{brigar} \cf{bright} →  \sco{alati} \cf{flame} \subitem \sco{Ralat, Lebbri, Dabbri, Gebbri, Latihis, Latihel, Latihur} \item \bo{Brogarast} \cf{he/he who shines} → \sco{brigaren} \cf{to shine} + \sco{-ast} \cf{3sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Rigar, Lebbri, Dabbri, Gebbri, Garasttis, Garasttel, Garasttur} \item \bo{Câldûc} \cf{manmade bliss} → \sco{câld} \cf{bliss} + \sco{-ûc} \cf{manmade, artificial suffix} \subitem \sco{Câldûc, Leccâl, Daccâl, Geccâl, Câldûccis, Câldûccel, Câldûccur} \item \bo{Cemirner} \cf{no meaning in Old Sumrë} → Proto-Sumric \sco{*kębiṡnęr} \cf{glutton, greed} \subitem \sco{Cemir, Lecce, Dacce, Gecca, Mirnerris, Mirnerrel, Mirnerrur} \item \bo{Ciarlonalgeo} \cf{craftiness} → \sco{ciarlonal} \cf{crow} + \sco{-geo} \cf{cover of} \subitem \sco{Nalge, Lecci, Dacce, Gecci, Geohis, Geohel, Geohur} \item \bo{Clacarpat} \cf{those who return} → \sco{clacen} \cf{to return} + \sco{3pl active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Clacar, Leccla, Daccla, Geccla, Carpattis, Carpattel, Carpattur} \item \bo{Clatamhûmsyl} \cf{ultimate cosmos} → \sco{clata} \cf{ultimate, supreme, highest ranking, overwhelming, immense} →  \sco{-m} \cf{gender agreement for the buzzard gender} + \sco{hûsyl} \cf{space, cosmos, heavens} \subitem \sco{Tamhûs, Leccla, Daccla, Geccla, Hûsyllis, Hûsyllel, Hûsyllyr} \item \bo{Climab} \cf{hungry void} → \sco{cli} \cf{hungry} + \sco{mab} \cf{void} \subitem \sco{Climab, Leccli, Daccli, Geccli, Climabbis, Climabbel, Climabbur} \item \bo{Côd} \cf{meaning lost in Old Sumrë} → Proto-Sumric \sco{*køt} \cf{nip, pinch} \subitem \sco{Côd, Leccô, Daccô, Geccô, Côddis, Côddel, Côddur} \item \bo{Corestona} \cf{wise protector} → \sco{cyre} \cf{wise} + \sco{stona} \cf{protector} \subitem \sco{Esto, Lecco, Dacco, Gecco, Stonahis, Stonahel, Stonahur} \item \bo{Dalarolcemensmôt} \cf{I, the one to whom the judge spirit belongs to} → from the phrase \sco{dalartolc emens mô} \cf{Dalartolc belongs to me} + \sco{-t} \cf{1sg active nominaliser}. Dalartolc is the spirit views the world and passes on his judgement to the Alh Lerdwirsôn fate council \subitem \sco{Cemen, Ledda, Dadda, Gedda, Mensmôttis, Mensmôttel, Mensmôttur} \item \bo{Daro} \cf{one bird} → \sco{do} \cf{one} + \sco{aro} \cf{bird} \subitem \sco{Dáro, Lédda, Dádda, Gédda, Daróhis, Daróhel, Daróhur} \item \bo{Dedit} \cf{I, the war dagger} ← \sco{dedi} \cf{war dagger} + \sco{-t} \cf{1sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Dedit, Ledde, Dadde, Gedde, Dedittis, Dedittel, Dedittur} \item \bo{Dëlmierada} \cf{high forehead} ← \sco{dëlmi} \cf{forehead} + \sco{erada} \cf{deer form of \sco{erad} \cf{high}} \item \bo{Denûdacic} \cf{war plotter, tactician} ← \sco{denûden} \cf{to design} + \sco{acicen} \cf{to raid} \subitem \sco{Nûdac, Ledde, Dadde, Gedde, Daciccis, Daciccel, Daciccur} \item \bo{Denyr} \cf{emitting being} → \sco{denen} \cf{to emit} + \sco{-yr} \cf{suffix which derives an animate noun from a verb}. This name inflects as an animate noun. \subitem \sco{Denyr, Ledde, Dadde, Gedde, Denyrris, Denyrrel, Denyrrur} \item \bo{Denwonmi} \cf{maps} → \sco{denwon} \cf{plural form of the inanimate noun \sco{denwo} \cf{map} + \sco{-mi} \cf{forename suffix}} \subitem \bo{Denwon, Ledde, Dadde, Gedde, Wonmihis, Wonmihel, Wonmihur} \item \bo{Deropadomi} \cf{bridge} → \sco{deropado} \cf{bridge} + \sco{-mi} \cf{forename suffix} \subitem \sco{Padom, Ledde, Dadde, Gedde, Domihis, Domihel, Domihur} \item \bo{Didog} \cf{meaning unknown} → \cf{unknown} \subitem \sco{Didog, Leddi, Daddi, Geddi, Didoggis, Digoggel, Didoggur} \item \bo{Disgarmi} \cf{victory} → \sco{disgar} \cf{victory} + \sco{-mi} \cf{forename suffix} \item \bo{Domirgoñic} \cf{blessed mind} → \sco{domir} \cf{mind, personality} + \sco{goñic} \cf{blessed} \item \bo{Drylduilmi} \cf{good globe} → \sco{drylh} \cf{good} + \sco{duilh} \cf{globe} + \sco{-mi} \cf{forename suffix} \subitem \sco{Drylduil, Leddro, Daddro, Geddro, Duilmihis, Duilmihel, Duilmihur} \item \bo{Dûvart} \cf{he/she who is dark} → \sco{dûv} \cf{black, dark} + \sco{-rt} \cf{3sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Dûvart, Leddû, Daddû, Geddû, Dûvarttis, Dûvarttel, Dûvarttur} \item \bo{Dwyljat} \cf{I, the speckled one} → \sco{dwylja} \cf{speckled} + \sco{-t} \cf{1sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Dwyljat, Leddwo, Daddwo, Geddwo, Dwyljattis, Dwyljattel, Dwyljattur} \item \bo{Emesasilñôt} \cf{I, the one who belongs to Asilñe} → from the phrase \sco{emes Asilñot} \cf{I belong to Asilñe} + \sco{-t} \cf{1sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Sasil, Lehe, Dahe, Gehe, Silñôttis, Silñôttel, Silñôttur} \item \bo{Eradansivart} \cf{I, the high summit} → \sco{erad} \cf{high} + \sco{ansivar} \cf{summit} + \sco{-t} \cf{1sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Dansiv, Lehe, Dahe, Gehe, Sivarttis, Sivarttel, Sivarttur} \item \bo{Estomuirmumercesôn} \cf{silver leg} → \sco{estomû} \cf{leg} + \sco{uirmumercesôn} \cf{paressive form of \sco{uirmumerc} \cf{silver}} \item \bo{Farosdi} \cf{I who was confused} → \sco{farosdweas} \cf{to confuse} + \sco{-i} \cf{1sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Faro, Leffa, Daffa, Geffa, Rosdihis, Rosdihel, Rosdihur} \item \bo{Fetirûv} \cf{repetition interrupter} → \sco{fetien} \cf{to interrupt} + \sco{rûven} \cf{to repeat, to walk in a circle} \subitem \sco{Feti, Leffe, Daffe, Geffe, Tirûvvis, Tirûvvel, Tirûvvur} \item \bo{Finbali} \cf{capturer, capturing tool} → \sco{finbalen} \cf{to capture, to seize} + \sco{-i} \cf{inanimate diminutive} \subitem \sco{Finbal, Leffi, Daffi, Geffi, Balihis, Balihel, Balihur} \item \bo{Galdernmi} \cf{hot} → \sco{galdern} \cf{hot} + \sco{-mi} \cf{forename suffix} \subitem \sco{Galder, Legga, Dagga, Gegga, Dernmihis, Dernmihel, Dernmihur} \item \bo{Garcasi} \cf{I, the orphaned one} → \sco{garcatwo} \cf{to be orphaned} + \sco{-si} \cf{1sg passive nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Garca, Legga, Dagga, Gegga, Casihis, Casihel, Cashihur} \item \bo{Garñe} \cf{feminine sorrow} → \sco{gar} \cf{sorrow} + \sco{-ñe} \cf{female diminutive suffix} \subitem \sco{Garñe, Legga, Dagga, Gegga, Garñehis, Garñehel, Garñehur} \item \bo{Hermi} \cf{lucky} → \sco{her} \cf{lucky} + \sco{-mi} \cf{forename suffix} \subitem \sco{Hermi, Lece, Dace, Gece, Hermihis, Hermihel, Hermihur} \item \bo{Howmâchantnmi} \cf{I am destined to behold} → \sco{howmâ} \cf{I am destined} + \sco{chant} \cf{supine form of \sco{hanten} \cf{to behold} + \sco{-mi} \cf{forename suffix}} \subitem \sco{Mâchant, Leco, Daco, Geco, Hantmihis, Hantmihel, Hantmihur} \item \bo{Howmâvarjômi} \cf{I am destined for horror} → \sco{howmâ} \cf{I am destined} + \sco{varjô} \cf{dative form of \sco{varji} \cf{horror} + \sco{-mi} \cf{forename suffix}} \item \bo{Iarbodir} \cf{naturally perfect} → \sco{iarbow} \cf{perfect} + \sco{-dwir} \cf{naturally, caused by nature} \subitem \sco{Arbow, Lehi, Dahi, Gehi, Bowdwirris, Bowdwirrel, Bowdwirrur} \item \bo{Idigrid} \cf{sorcerer, magician} → \sco{idien} \cf{to amaze, to shock} + \sco{griden} \cf{to make appear, to reveal} \subitem \sco{Idi, Lehi, Dahi, Gehi, Digriddis, Digriddel, Digriddur} \item \bo{Ilajûtirt} \cf{he/she who is graceful} → \sco{ilajûti} \cf{graceful} + \sco{-rt} \cf{3sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Lajû. Lehi, Dahi, Gehi, Jûtirttis, Jûtirttel, Jûrtirttur} \item \bo{Ilajûtisëanart} \cf{he/she who is a graceful god} → \sco{ilajûti} \cf{graceful} + \sco{-rt} \cf{3sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Sëa, Lehi, Dahi, Gehi, Anarttis, Anarttel, Anarttur} \item \bo{Ilintyris} \cf{miracle} → \sco{ininen} \cf{to perform, to make a show of} +  \sco{tyrisen} \cf{to enable, to allow} \subitem \sco{Lintyr, Lehi, Dahi, Gehi, Tyrissis, Tyrissel, Tyrissur} \item \bo{Imûsmi} \cf{polite} → \sco{imûs} \cf{polite} + \sco{-mi} \cf{forename suffix} \subitem \sco{Imû, Lehi, Dahi, Gehi, Mûsmihis, Mûsmihel, Mûsmihur} \item \bo{Inadinti} \cf{erect tool} → \sco{inadinten} \cf{to erect, to establish} + \sco{-i} \cf{inanimate diminutive} \subitem \sco{Adint, Lehi, Dahi, Gemi, Dintihis, Dintihel, Dintihur} \item \bo{Iscjus} \cf{crafty} → \sco{isc} \cf{tool belt} + \sco{-jus} \cf{suffix denoting someone that doesn't have X}    \subitem \sco{Iscjus, Lehi, Dahi, Gehi, Iscjussis, Iscjussel, Iscussur} \item \bo{Laldañuir} \cf{wine man} → \sco{lalda} \cf{wine} + \sco{-ñuir} \cf{masculine diminutive} \subitem \sco{Lalda, Lella, Dalla, Gella, Dañuirris, Dañuirrel, Dañuirrur} \item \bo{Larësami} \cf{warlike} → \sco{larësa} \cf{warlike} + \sco{-mi} \cf{forename suffix} \subitem \sco{Rësam, Lella, Dalla, Gella, Samihis, Samihel, Samihur} \item \bo{Larësart} \cf{he/she who is warlike} → \sco{larësa} \cf{warlike} + \sco{-rt} \cf{3sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Larë, Lella, Dalla, Gella, Rësarttis, Rësarttel, Rësarttur} \item \bo{Lâwast} \cf{I, the good one} → \sco{lâwa} \cf{good} + \sco{-st} \cf{1sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Lâwast, Lellâ, Dallâ, Gellâ, Lâwasttis, Lâwasttel, Lâwasttur} \item \bo{Lâwistart} \cf{he/she who causes good} → \sco{lâwa} \cf{good} + \sco{-isten} \cf{causative suffix} + \sco{-art} \cf{3sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Lâwa, Lellâ, Dallâ, Gellâ, Wistarttis, Wistarttel, Wistarttur} \item \bo{Lefirdit} \cf{I,the ice axe} → \sco{lefirdi} \cf{ice axe} + \sco{-t} \cf{1sg active nominaliser} \item \bo{Les} \cf{meaning lost in Old Sumrë} →  Proto-Sumric \sco{*lọs-} \cf{forsaken} \subitem \sco{Les, Lelle, Dalle, Gelle, Lessis, Lessel, Lessur} \item \bo{Lidinarirog} \cf{careless traveler} → OS \sco{lindinaren} \cf{to whistle} + \sco{irogen} \cf{to wander} \subitem \sco{Narir, Leddi, Dalle, Gelle, Riroggis, Riroggel, Riroggur} \item \bo{Linidûsi} \cf{I, who was a wail} → OS \sco{linidû} \cf{wail, shriek} + \sco{-si} \cf{1sg passive nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Nidûs, Lelli, Dalli, Gelli, Dûsihis, Dûsihel, Dûsihur} \item \bo{Lomuñanñur} \cf{little stag} → \sco{lomuñan} \cf{stag} + \sco{-ñur} \cf{male diminutive suffix} \item \bo{Lôwart} \cf{he/she who is berserk} → OS \sco{lôwa} \cf{beserk} + \sco{-rt} \cf{3sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Lôwart, Lellô, Dallô, Gellô, Lôwarttis, Lôwarttel, Lôwarttur} \item \bo{Lowtnadalhan} \cf{helper of muscles} → OS \sco{lowten} \cf{to help} + \sco{-na} \cf{human agentive suffix} + \sco{dalhan} \cf{genitive plural of \sco{dalh} \cf{muscle}} \subitem \sco{Nadal, Lello, Dallo, Gello, Dalhannis, Dalhannel, Dalhannur} \item \bo{Macut} \cf{I, the worldly one} + \sco{-t} \cf{1sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Macut, Lemma, Damma, Gemma, Macuttis, Macuttel, Macuttur} \item \bo{Marcasi} \cf{I, the hare} → Proto-Sumric \sco{*marəkəsi-} \cf{I, the hare} → Proto-Sumro-Naukl \sco{*marakasi} \cf{I have hopped} \subitem \sco{Marcas, Lemma, Damma, Gemma, Marcassis, Marcassel, Marcassur} \item \bo{Menadmi} \cf{silly} ← OS \sco{menad} \cf{silly, funny} + \sco{-mi} \cf{forename suffix} \subitem \sco{Menad, Lemme, Damme, Gemme, Nadmihis, Nadmihel, Nadmihur} \item \bo{Meñûdidas} \cf{no meaning in Old Sumrë} ← PS \sco{*monjətetaz} \cf{famous person, well known figure} \subitem \sco{Ñûdid, Lemme, Damme, Gemme, Didassis, Didassel, Didassur} \item \bo{Merast} \cf{I, the insane one} → \sco{mera} \cf{insanity} + \sco{-st} \cf{1st.sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Merast, Lemme, Damme, Gemme, Merasttis, Merasttel, Merasttur} \item \bo{Mes} \cf{no meaning in Old Sumrë} ← PS \sco{*mos} \cf{lid} \subitem \sco{Mes, Lemme, Damme, Gemme, Messis, Messel, Messur} \item \bo{Mewodârast}\cf{I, the rewarding one} ← \sco{mewodâr} \cf{rewarding} + \sco{-ast} \cf{1st.sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Wôdar, Lemme, Damme, Gemme, Dârasttis, Dârasttel, Dârasttur} \item \bo{Morsëanart} \cf{He who is a noble god} → \sco{mor} \cf{noble} + \sco{sëana} \cf{god} + \sco{-rt} \cf{3rd.sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Sëan, Lemmo, Dammo, Gemmo, Anarttis, Anarttel, Anarttur} \item \bo{Myrast} \cf{I, the grey one} → \sco{myr} \cf{grey} + \sco{-ast} \cf{1st.sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Myrast, Lemma, Damma, Gemma, Myrasttis, Myrasttel, Myrasttur} \item \bo{Ñacâbalsafü} \cf{I eat rotten snow} → \sco{ñacâ} \cf{I eat} + \sco{balsafü} \cf{accusative of \sco{balsafa} rotten snow} \subitem \sco{Balsa, Leñña, Dañña, Geñña, Safühis, Safühel, Safühur} \item \bo{Nacdâmaryla} \cf{I hesitate on land} → \sco{nacdâ} \cf{I hesitate} + \sco{maryl} \cf{superessive form of \sco{ma} land} \subitem \sco{Maryl, Lenna, Danna, Genna, Rylahis, Rylahel, Rylahur} \item \bo{Nappaernalelwâ} \cf{sea king}  → \sco{nappa} \cf{king} + \sco{ernalelwâ} \cf{genitive of \sco{ernalelwe} \cf{sea}} \subitem \sco{Nalel, Lenna, Danna, Genna, Lelwâhis, Lelwahel, Lelwahur} \item \bo{Nappaewyla} \cf{king of power} → \sco{nappa} \cf{king} + \sco{ewyla} \cf{genitive of \sco{ewyl} \cf{power, might, ability}} \subitem \sco{Aewyl, Lenna, Danna, Genna, Wylahis, Wylahel, Wylahur} \item \bo{Nappalarnân} \cf{king of warriors} → \sco{nappa} \cf{king} + \sco{larnân} \cf{genitive plural of \sco{larna} \cf{soldier}} \subitem \sco{Alarn, Lenna, Danna, Genna, Arnânnis, Arnânnel, Arnânnur} \item \bo{Ñemgëṡirâcalesôn} \cf{child bear} → \sco{ñemgësi} \cf{offspring} + \sco{râcalesôn} \cf{paressive of \sco{râcal} \cf{bear}} \subitem \sco{Cales, Leññe, Daññe, Geññe, Esônnis, Esônnel, Esônnur} \item \bo{Retṡelhârt} \cf{she who is like a wildcat} →\sco{retṡel} \cf{wildcat} + \sco{-ha} \cf{almost like} + \sco{-art} \cf{3rd.sg active nominaliser} \subitem \sco{Etṡel, Lerre, Darre, Gerre, Elhârttis, Elhârttel, Elhârttur} \item \bo{Sâtimora} \cf{noble shadow} → \sco{sâti} \cf{shadow} + \sco{mora} \cf{deer form of \sco{mor} \cf{noble}} ̊subitem \sco{Timo, Lessâ, Dassâ, Dassë, Morahis, Morahel, Morahur} \item \bo{Sdûvami} \cf{crow chick} → \sco{sdûva} \cf{crow chick} + \sco{-mi} \cf{forename suffix} \subitem \sco{Sdûva, Lessdau, Dassdau, Gessdau, Vamihis, Vamihel, Vamihur}

\end{itemize}

Nârasạti the man's shadow → nạra genitive of nâr the man, the definite form of nyr man + sạti shadow Ñédic Nepartapála, Tápal he/she who guards lightning  → népen to guard + -art 3rd,sg active nominaliser + apala genitive of apáli lightning Nínmi "green" → nin "green" + -mi "forename suffix" Ocasílan two suns It is custom for children born during Selụda Mucábic to be named Ocasílan. Oil Orasiapalíbin, Páli he/she who was woven by lightening → ýren to weave + -asi 3rd.sg.buzz passive nominaliser + apalíbin prolative form of apáli lightening Orrtarëúmûm, Úmû he/she who weaves names → ýren to weave + -rt 3rd.sg.buzz active nominaliser + arëúmûm accusative plural of arẹum name Ôyistímast, Yísti I, the great spirit → ôyístim great spirit + -ast 1st.sg active nominaliser Oilmýrtin Ômábril Oilpícas Oilyim Ônásyel Ôñidíyô Ôp Oilrástan Oirínav Ôtarlụcas Ọvan Ôwamánac wandering cat Originating in the Proto-Sumro-Letaeric period in which the culture regarded cats as intellgent and calculating hunters, a positive attribute in the hunter-gatherer culture. During the Proto-Sumric period when the settlers of Malomanan had taken up a nomadic lifestyle the name rose in popularity. Ọwûn Pëyarteménsmôt, Témen I, the one to whom he who causes belongs to → from the phrase Pẹyart émens mô Pẹyart belongs to me. Pẹyart is the spirit and the head of the Alh Lerdwírsôn fate council and dwells in Tivertemában clash of the voids. Prónast I, the crisp Prónsi I, who was a crisp Râcálart he/she who is a bear → rạcal bear + -rt 3rd.sg nominaliser Racûtóswu tree devotion → rácût tree + -oswu suffix denoting devotion to Rumlernastóna, Náston leader protector → rumlérna leader + stona protector Sapelíliv Sápô Sëanáñert she who is a goddess → sëanáñe goddess + -rt 3rd.sg active nominaliser Sedódûg Ségwir meaning lost in Old Sumrë → PS *sogwir- offcut, remnant The name of the last man in Hôcaráma in Sumric folklore. Sémasc Semágir Sícas Sicepụnûv Sim Sonnaýrta teacher of weaving → sónna teacher + ýrta weaving Sulalbiridûnọmi "Bíridûn's eye" → súilal "eye" + Biridụnô "to Birídûn" + -mi "forename suffix" Sulâmisgátmi "I see the fish" → súilâ "I see" + mísgat "to fish" + -mi "forename suffix" Térmât I, the stone → terma stone + -t 1st.sg active nominaliser Térmi "stubborn" → ter "hard, stubborn" + -mi "forename suffix" Téros Téstsi I, the one who was chosen → tésten to choose + -si 1st.sg passive nominaliser Tíyûm \entry{tọbyast pn male name meaning "I who speaks with spirits"} Tọdyls Túirna drum beater → túiren to beat a drum, to shake + -na human agentive suffix Túirtta glimmering → túirten to glimmer, to sparkle + -ta gerund suffix Uálcas Ûcwémi "real" → ụcwe "real, tangible" + -mi "forename suffix" Ulanlásmi "natural" → uilánlas "natural" + -mi "forename suffix" Unídos Vinhedlówri, Hédlow straightness → vinhédla straight, forward + -owri abstract noun suffix Vọnad Vsayélmi "legendary" → vsáyel "legendary, historic, epic" + -mi "forename suffix" Vyrámir Wâwýldwir, Wạwyl  naturally young → wạwyl young + -dwir naturally, caused by nature Wugadábir, Gáda Yamastlócen, Mástloc he/she who desires to assemble → yámen to desire + -ast 1st.sg active nominaliser + lócen to assemble Yorasihanírû, Hánir he/she who was given praise → yýren to give + -asi 3rd.sg active nominaliser + hanírû accusative form of hánis praise Ýrrte greatest weaver → ýren to weave + -rt 3rd.sg active nominaliser suffix + -e suffix denoting the best of Yuilmódast I, the one who decides → yuilmóden to decide + -ast 1st.sg active nominaliser

Dirjissi - I, who am a heron