Old Sumrë words with Glottal Affection

The first list will contain nouns and adjectives which began in a glottal stop in Proto-Sumric. The second will contain nouns and adjectives which ended in a glottal stop. Note the alternations caused by these words on the noun/adjective that precedes/follows.


 * 1) hangar ("pigeon") > angar
 * 2) gemad ("thin slices of raw meat") > jemad
 * 3) gutȯ ("cud") > jutȯ
 * 4) gӑgan ("pebble") > jӑgan
 * 5) hȯkar ("cold") > ȯkar
 * 6) hȯji ("whisper") > ȯji
 * 7) galid ("prosperous") > walid
 * 8) giileru ("full, sated") > wiileru
 * 9) göölri ("inclination, bias") > wöölri
 * 10) kiam ("try, attempt") > hiam
 * 11) kownte ("gem, jewel") > hownte
 * 12) hӑsyl ("space, cosmos, heavens") > ӑsyl
 * 13) huska ("lull, compulsion, desire, impulse") > uska
 * 14) žailas ("seat, chair, stool") > sailas
 * 15) žagra ("harsh") > sagra
 * 16) žbejutni ("smoked whale meat") > sbejutni
 * 17) žiwutalc ("paste made of fat mixed with berries and herbs") > siwutalc
 * 18) žirst ("nod, gesture") > sirst
 * 19) žnülje ("breakfast") > snülje
 * 20) želeto ("nettle") > seleto
 * 21) žóju ("bannock, small bread cookie") > sóju
 * 22) žtolgi ("handsome") > stolgi
 * 23) žotri ("nasty") > sotri
 * 24) žohte ("careful, cautious, precise, accurate, sober") > sohte
 * 25) žuka ("trout") > suka
 * 26) žustar ("naval") > sustar
 * 27) žbawil ("Pedicularis groenlandica, elephanthead lousewort") > sbawil
 * 28) žbauti ("anus") > sbauti
 * 29) žwóttu ("esteem") > swóttu
 * 30) žwurrdne ("odour, stench, smell") > swurrdne
 * 31) ždraba ("taste, inclination, disposition, instinct, whim, trend, fad") > sraba
 * 32) ždrako ("ill, unwell, sick") > sdrako
 * 33) žmoghe ("large fluffy warm socks worn only indoors") > smoghe
 * 34) žnoffta ("nightmare") > snoffta
 * 35) žnójo ("berries mixed with fat") > snójo
 * 36) žpadla ("equipt, armed with") > spadla
 * 37) žpodni ("food reservoir, food cache, food stored for the winter, food hoard") > spodni
 * 38) žprüdu ("pancreas") > sprüdu
 * 39) žtékke ("rosebay willowherb, fireweed") > stékke
 * 40) žpráti ("hoar frost") > spráti
 * 41) hwacas ("symbol") > wacas
 * 42) hwáffe ("kidney") > wáffe
 * 43) hwela ("fond, nice") > wela
 * 44) hӑmk ("rust") > ӑmk
 * 45) howk ("tusk") > owk
 * 46) hӑhsa ("water sack") > ӑhsa

Some examples of these nouns when modifying/being modified:


 * gӑgann ȯkar or hȯkaš jӑgan ("cold pebble")
 * žuka erna or ernah suka ("big trout")
 * radénah sotrima or žotrima radéna ("the nasty giant's")
 * sog sdrako or ždrako sow ("sick wind")

Words that ended in a glottal stop in Proto-Sumric:
 * 1) ipjell ("basket, bucket") > ipjel
 * 2) fwarr ("harpoon") > fwar
 * 3) fgall ("knife used for skinning and cutting hair") > fgal
 * 4) bӑoll ("conspicuous") > bӑol
 * 5) pistüll ("abundance, multitude") > pistül
 * 6) snyrr ("tear" -of eyes") > snyr
 * 7) uuhih ("salt") > uuhi
 * 8) gelsoh ("brindled, speckled") > gelso

Some examples of these nouns when modifying/being modified:
 * ipjel hern or ern ipjell ("big basket")
 * uuhi laawam or laawam uuhih ("good salt")
 * hȯji bӑolla or bӑol kȯji ("conspicuous whisper")