Old Etjarutr

Old Etjarutr vocabulary

=Phonology=

Vowels

Consonants

Phonological History
t͡ʃ d͡ʒ→t d

i e u o a au ei → ɪ ɛ ʊ ɔ ə a e/heavy

i e u o a au ei → ɨ ɘ ʉ ɵ ə ə ɛ/super heavy

V1V2→V1(heavy form of V1)

ɨ ɘ→ʉ ɵ

C[+voice]→Ø/_#

e o→i u

ə→Ø

f v→p b


 * When an inanimate stem ends in -i- or -o-, the vowel becomes -i- or -u- in the plural:
 * bezubi ("algae") > abezunu ("algae-")
 * When the inanimate nominative ends in -kvi or -pvi, the plural forms are -kku and -ppu:
 * bkbi ("rope") > bkku ("rope-")
 * When the last vowel in a noun is /u/, the vowel will become /o/ in the animate oblique sg/pl cases:
 * pjui ("hawk") > pjoiju ("hawk-")
 * Some feminine inanimate nouns end in -llja or -rrja, coming from Proto-Mangeodge inanimate accusative nouns that ended in -lle and -rre:
 * dôlja ("boob") > dulôzja ("boob-") (cf: dôli "spot")

O-Nouns
O-Nouns are animate nouns which end in -o in both cases and in both numbers, basically they are uninflected: nro ("man")

H-Nouns
H-nouns exhibit an alternation where /k/ is dropped in the oblique:
 * taurkvi ("spear") > taurozi ("spear-")

D-Nouns
D-nouns exhibit an alternation where /t/ becomes /z/ in the oblique:
 * oseatvi ("food") > oseazozi ("food-")

Ð-Nouns
Ð-nouns exhibit an alternation between /d/ and /z/:
 * teradvi ("tail") > terazozi ("tail-")

P-Nouns
P-nouns exhibit an alternation between /p/ and /f/:
 * azecapvi ("mouth") > azecafozi ("mouth-")

B-Nouns
S-nouns exhibit an alternation where /b/ is dropped throughout the paradigm:
 * jejorabvi ("bat") > jejoraozi ("bat-")