*-enas

=Proto-Naukl=

Etymology
From Proto-Sumro-Naukl *-enas (“derives adjectives from verbs”).

Suffix
*-enas
 * 1) Derives the present participle from verbs
 * 2) *wäbuqtä (“to differ”) > *wäbuqenas (“differing, different”)
 * 3) *jädlehetä (to grow”) > *jädleheenas (“growing”)
 * 4) *uctä (“to hoist, to struggle”) > *ucenas (“hoisting, struggling”)

Descendants

 * Ethogiath: -enas (“present participle”)
 * Old Naukl: -näs (“present participle”)
 * Middle Naukl: -nš (“present participle”)
 * Naukl: -nš (“present participle”)
 * Jyztrees: -ns (“present participle”)

=Proto-Sucumian=

Etymology
From Proto-Sumro-Naukl *-enas (“derives adjectives from verbs”).

Suffix
*-(e)nas Adjectives of ability are derived from verbs by attaching the suffix *-nas (on monosyllabic stems) or *-enas (on polysyllabic stems). Note that even these adjectives can be zero-derived to become nouns:
 * *xixkδota ("to die") > *xixkδoenas ("able to to die, mortal")
 * *laxuta ("to run") > *laxuenas ("able to run")
 * *xatδ ("to breathe") > *xaδnas ("able to breathe, alive, creature")

Adjectives to describe that a verb can be performed on an object attach the suffix *-enas to the past participle form of the verb:
 * *xixkδota ("to die") > * *xixkδoikenas ("killable, prey")
 * *laxuta ("to run") > *laxuikenas ("runnable, short distance")
 * *xatδ ("to breathe") > *xaδkenas ("breathable")

=Proto-Sumro-Naukl=

Suffix

 * *-enas
 * 1) Derives adjectives from verbs
 * 2) *aġææ- (“to calm”) > *aġææenas- (“calming, relaxing”)
 * 3) *əhvehəs- (“to be sick”) > *əhvehəsenas- (“sickly, ill”)
 * 4) *rak- (“to kill”) > *rakenas- (“dangerous”)

Derived Terms

 * *βuhæratsenas- ("beautiful, good looking, handsome, pretty")

Descendants

 * Proto-Sucumian: *-enas (“derives adjectives of ability from verbs”)
 * Proto-Naukl: *-enas (“present participle”)
 * Ethogiath: -enas (“present participle”)
 * Old Naukl: -näs (“present participle”)
 * Middle Naukl: -nš (“present participle”)
 * Naukl: -nš (“present participle”)
 * Jyztrees: -ns (“present participle”)
 * Proto-Mangeodge: *-jās (“derives adjectives from nouns”)
 * Old Mangeodge: -jeisi (“derives adjectives from proper nouns”)
 * Proto-Sumric: *-enəs (“derives abstract nouns from verbs”)
 * Hajec: -enis (“derives placenames from verbs”)
 * Old Tuura: -iennos (“derives agentive nouns from verbs”)
 * Old Sumrë: -ins (“derives agentive nouns from verbs”)
 * Old Naumes: -inz (“derives agentive nouns from verbs”)