Inner West Mangeodge

Phonological History

 * (s)hj >ç
 * t d > Ø/_#
 * a e o > Ø/_$#
 * C1C2C3>C1C3
 * ei>i:
 * m n > p t/#F_
 * VC[+voice]>V:/_$ (spelled with circumflex only medially). Clusters with two voiced consonants lose only the first.
 * V{k t}{v z} > Vː{v z} (spelled with circumflex)
 * {r l} rː lː> Ø r l/_$
 * s l > Ø/#C[+plosive]_
 * z v > Ø/_#
 * VN > Ṽ/_$
 * r > ʁ
 * v>Ø/a_E
 * oi oiː → ø øː
 * ou > o:
 * o: > ø:
 * {ju ui} {ju: u:i} > y y:
 * ai ae > a:
 * au ao > o:
 * eV > jV
 * kç gʝ → ʃ ʒ
 * ɑ ɑː → ɔ aː

Orthography
 /jV/

 /i:/

<ô, au, ao> /o:/

 /i/

 /Ø/

 /Ṽ/

 /V/

 /C/

 /ç/

 /VC/

 /VjV/

 /ø:/

 /ø/

 /a:/

 /y/

 /y:/

 /ʃ/

<gE>/ʒ/

=Nouns=

Old Mangeodge has two cases; Nominative and oblique. The nominative case comes from the Proto-Mangeodge accusative case which is why Old Mangeodge nouns bear explicit gender markers. There are four gender; Animate, Feminine Animate, Inanimate and Feminine Inanimate.


 * When an inanimate stem ends in -e- or -o-, the vowel becomes -i- or -u- in the plural:
 * aezov ("algae") > aezunu ("algae-")
 * When the inanimate nominative ends in -v or -pv, the plural forms are -kku and -ppu:
 * bâv ("rope") > bakku ("rope-")
 * When the last vowel in a noun is /u/, the vowel will become /o/ in the animate oblique sg/pl cases:
 * opiu ("hawk") > opioei ("hawk-")
 * Some feminine inanimate nouns end in -llia or -rria, coming from Proto-Mangeodge inanimate accusative nouns that ended in -lle and -rre:
 * dullia ("boob") > dlûia ("boob-") (cf: dull "spot")

O-Nouns
O-Nouns are animate nouns which end in -o in both cases and in both numbers, basically they are uninflected: nro ("man")

H-Nouns
H-nouns exhibit an alternation where /k/ is dropped in the oblique:
 * turv ("spear") > turz ("spear-")

D-Nouns
D-nouns exhibit an alternation where /t/ becomes /Ø/ in the oblique:
 * oseâv ("food") > oseaoz ("food-")

Ð-Nouns
Ð-nouns exhibit an alternation between /d/ and /Ø/:
 * tirâv ("tail") > tiraoz ("tail-")

P-Nouns
P-nouns exhibit an alternation between /Vp/ and /V:/:
 * azisapv ("mouth") > azîoz ("mouth-")

B-Nouns
S-nouns exhibit an alternation where /b/ is dropped throughout the paradigm:
 * iorauv ("bat") > ioraoz ("bat-")

Possessive Suffixes
The Possessive suffixes are noteworthy in OM because they attach to the older nominative stems which fell out of use elsewhere in the language, as so these stems are referred to as "possessed stems" in an OM context. Because of this it is important to note some "alternations" (although for most nouns the possessed stem is the same as the bare stem):


 * When an inanimate noun ends in -ll or -rru, the possessive stem ends in -l and -r with an epenthetic /i/ or /u/ (depending on whether the vowel int he stem was back or front") in inserted afterwards:
 * dull ("spot") > dulûv ("your spot") - (possessive stem dul-)

Animate


 * balmê ("frog") > balmêto ("your frog")

Feminine Animate


 * zuvaeia ("female seal") > zuvaemaroia ("its female seal")

Inanimate


 * olv ("rock") > oltov ("your rock")

Feminine Inanimate


 * aisâlâv ("big fire") > aisâlâbouia ("my big fire")