Pwr

Pwr Period This period covers the changes between Maifri and Pwr up until the 7th Centry MA /k/ becomes /p/ unconditionaly: Mf älchícu [ɶ̀lxíku] "bend, dent" → Pwr olchíp [ɔlxíp] "tear, dent, rip" /g/ becomes /x/ unconditionaly: äriúmga [ɶrìúmga] "funeral pole" → Pwr orẃmcha [ɔrúmxa] /u/ becomes /w/ and then /gw/ word initially: Mf uòsti [uɔ̀sti] "to change colour" → Pwr gŵost [gwɔst] If initial /u/ is followed by a consonant then it remains /u/. /b/ and /m/ lenite to /f/ intervocalicaly: Mf ába [ába] "evil" → Pwr éfa [éfa] /g/ is lost after /u/: This change mostly affects nouns with initial /g/ caused by the u→gw/#_ change. When following the proclitic w [u] "deer accusative definite article" word initial /g/ is dropped: Pwr gŵop [gwɔp] "reed bank" → Pwr w ŵop [uwɔp] "the reed bank.acc" The sequence /aɔ/ merge into /o/, with /o/ adopting the tone that once fell on /ɔ/: Mf aósfa [àɔ́sfa] "coast, shore" → Pwr ọsfa [ósfa] /ui/ and /iu/ become /u/: Mf äriúmga [ɶrìúmga] "funeral pole" → Pwr orẃmcha [ɔrúmxa] /h/ is lost unconditionaly: Mf uhẹcha [uhœ́xa] "leather" → Pwr gŵọcha [gwóxa] /v/ devoices to /f/: Mf aróva [àrɔ́va] "canopy" → Pwr erófa [èrɔ́fa] /a/ becomes /e/ when word initial: Mf arfói [àrfɔ́i] "to sieze" → Pwr erfó [erfɔ́] /s/ is lost intervocalicaly: Mf isólga [ìsɔ́lga] "lip, show of affection" → Pwr iólcha [iɔ́lxa] "hug" Sporadicaly to prevent a vowel hiatus /ð/ was placed between two vowels that were placed in hiatus after the loss of intervocalic /s/: Mf ạsi [ɶ́si] "sun" → Pwr ódd [ɔ́ð] (the final /i/ was lost in this word due to a later change) The alveolar plosives /t/ and /d/ become /ð/ before a vowel: Mf àita [àita] "sling" → Pwr aidda [aiða] "sling" The front rounded vowels /ø, œ, ɶ/ back to /u, o, ɔ/: Mf sọ /sǿ/ "whales" → Pwr sw [sú] Mf uhẹcha [uhœ́xa] "leather" → Pwr gŵọcha [gwóxa] Mf ạsi [ɶ́si] "sun" → Pwr ódd [ɔ́ð] Loss of word final /i/ and /u/: The vowels /i, u/ are lost word finally by analogy of the nominative plural ending being /i/ and the accusative being /u/. This analogical originally began in nouns to avoid ambiguity but soon spread to other words and became a sound change. Due to the origin of this change the nominative plural and accusative endings were left intact : Mf ạlchi [ɶ́lxi] "flame" → Pwr olch [ɔlx], Mf ävisacu [ɶ̀vísaku] "best friend" → Pwr ofíap [ɔfíap] [ð] devoices allophonicaly to [θ] after /s/: Pwr eddàsdd [ɛðàsð] "to polish" → Pwr eddàsdd [ɛðàsθ] Loss of low pitch

Summary of Pwr sound changes: k→p

u→w→gw/#_

b, m→f/V_V

g→∅/u_

aɔ, au→o

iu, ui→u

h→∅

g→x

v z→f s

a→e/#_

s→∅/V_V

∅→ð/V_V (when hiatus was caused by previous change)

t, d→ð/_V

ø, œ, ɶ→u, o, ɔ

i, u→∅/_#

ð→θ/s_

V[+low]→V