Meddió

Meddió vocabulary

g→∅/u_.

g→j

u→w→gw/#_

gw→gu/_C

ai au ua→o

ju wi →u

h→∅

v z→f s

a→e/#_

s→ð/V_V

t, d→ð/_V

i u→∅/_#

ð→θ/s_

rj→jː

x→k/_{j w}

x→t͡ʃ

ei ey→iː

oi→uː

k→p/(C)_(C)

n→m/_{p pː b}

pː→pi

x→t͡ʃ

iː i y e a o uː → jɪ ɨ ʉ ɜ ə ɵ jʊ/_{r l}

y→i→e

f→h!_#

ʃ→s

tj dj→ts dz

r l→Ø/_C

jɪ ɨ→ɘ

ɜ →ə

jʊ ʉ→ɵ

<î> /i:/ <û> /u:/ <è> /ɘ/  /ə/ <ò> /ɵ/

=Verbs= Meddió verbs are highly synthetic unlike in its analytic predecessor Early Meddió. The many auxiliaries and pronouns used in Early Meddió verb phrases had grammaticalised into affixes in Meddió. Meddió pronominal affixes come in free forms: Nominative to mark the subject of the verb, Illative to mark the object of a telic verb and Allative to mark the object of an atelic verb or the subject of an experiencing verb. Verbs inflect for three tenses (present, past and future) and five moods (imperative, interrogative, subjunctive, jussive and conditional). There are various classes of verbs but these only exist for the present tense, with the past and future tenses being marked the same on all verbs. Note that all verb classes in the present use the same set of illative and allative pronominals.

The infinitive suffix is -re. Any verb stems ending in /f s/ gain an epenthetic /p t/ with this suffix attached:
 * gues- ("to name") > guestre

E1-verbs take the infinitive suffix -ère while E2-verbs take the suffix -yre:
 * ieddi- ("to consider") > ieddère
 * sare- ("to age") > saryre

Verb stems ending in /iː a o uː/ experience a vowel shift with the infinitive suffix where the said vowels become /ɘ ə ɵ ɵ/:
 * sejjûddo- ("to ferment") > sejjûddòre

Common Verbs
Phonetic Alternations
 * When the verb stem ends in /k/, the consonant becomes /p/ before any person endings.

The negative is formed by placing the suffix -eh before the person endings. This will cause any verb stems ending in /Vs/ to alternate to /Vð/:
 * guestre ("to name, to declare") > guesmoddar ("I name you") > gueddehmoddar ("I do not name you")

In the present there are a small number of irregular verbs which take different forms in the present affirmative.
 * ddesrotre ("to take") > ddeddi ("takes")

ddeddimo

take/PRES-1S

"I take"

vs

ddesroddehmo

take.NEG-1S

"I don't take"

E1 vs E1 Verbs
There are verbs which end in /e/ which experience a shift in said vowel when a suffix beginning in /r/ or /l/ is added but two alternations may happen and it is not predicate by the verb stem which one it will go through. E1-Verbs which experience a shift of /e/ > /ɘ/ while E2-Verbs experience a shift of /e/ > /ə/.

E1-verbs:
 * ieddi- ("to consider")
 * ieddère ("to consider-")
 * ieddimo ("I consider")
 * ieddèref ("it considers")

E2-Verbs:

Past Tense
The past tense is marked with a different set of subject pronominals which cannot take on different affixes for nominative or allative for this distinction does not exist for the past tense. Object pronominals however are exactly the same as in the present tense.

Forms with vowels in brackets only include the vowels when not word final.

The negative is formed with the suffix -eh after the verbs stem and before the subject pronominal.

Examples:

ieddijjeddat

consider-3P.PST-2S.ALL

"we considered you"

vs

ieddiehjjeddat

consider-NEG-3P.PST-2S.ALL

"we didn't consider you"

Future Tense
The future tense is marked by using a different set of subject pronominals.

gueddoddmoddar

name-1S.FUT-2S.ILL

"I will name you"

Copula
Due to how similar many of the forms became, Meddió started inflected each form of the copula as if it was a regular verb in order to distinguish between the persons.

Imperative Mood
The imperative is marked by placing the particle em before the verb stem.


 * estre ("to carry") > emest ("carry!")

When placed before adjectives or nouns it has the meaning of "be X!">


 * emaro ("be a bird!")
 * emse ("be holy!")

Interrogative Mood
The interrogative mood in the is marked in the present and future by using the interrogative suffix -ren after the bare verb stem.

ierenmoddat?

entertain-INT-1S.NOM-2S.ALL

"Do I entertain you?"

The interrogative negative is formed with the suffix -eh after -ren.

ierenehmoddat?

entertain-INT-NEG-1S.NOM-2S.ALL

"Don't I entertain you?"

Subjunctive Mood
The subjunctive mood is marked only in the present tense with the following suffixes.


 * eddoc ("to rest")
 * eddocdda ("you rest") > e eddocahdda ("if you rest")

The negative is formed with the suffix -eh:
 * e eddocahdda ("if you rest") > e eddocahehdda ("if you don't rest")

Jussive Mood
The jussive mood ("should, must") is marked with the following suffixes.

If the verb ends in /t͡ʃ/ then they will be subject to the following alternations: Vca/Vco, Vcu > o, û. The negative if formed with the suffix -reh.


 * eddocre ("to sleep")
 * eddocodda ("you must sleep")
 * eddorehdda ("you shouldn't sleep")

Conditional Mood
The conditional mood ("would") is marked with the suffix -oe. The same alternation described above applies here too.


 * eddoerehdda ("you wouldn't rest")

Passive
The passive is formed with the following suffixes:

The negative is formed the suffix -eh.



koeehref

sell-PASS-NEG-3S

"It isn't sold"

The passive and subjunctive mix together with the following suffixes.

=Conjunctions=

Early Meddió has three words for "and", eut ("VP-and"), sddî ("NP-and") and iehenst ("ADJ-and") respectively. eut:

venmo eut saredda

write-1S VP_and age-2S

"I write and you age"

sddî serves to join two nouns:

se sddî ne

man NP_and woman

"The man and woman"

iehenst serves to join two adjectives since no two predicate adjectives can appear right next to each other (neither attributively or predicatively):

ne sie iehenst make

woman old AP_and angry

"The old and angry woman"