Chozh

Chozh vocabulary

=Name= The name Chozh is an anglicisation of the endonym Chož /xʊʒ/ which is from Late Middle Sumri Sũri, from Middle Sumri Sumri and ultimately from Old Sumrë Sumrė which meant ("travel language").

=Phonology=

Phonological History
a e o→ ɛ i u/_N

{ĩ ã ɛ̃} ẽ ũ õ→ æ ɛ ʊ ɔ

l→o/_$

l→w/#_

t, d → s, z/_{r,l,m}_

i e ɛ æ u o ɔ→ ǐ ě ɛ̌ æ̌ ǔ ǒ ɔ̌

Vː→V

C{ǐ,ě,æ̌,ɛ̌} → Cʲ{ǐ,ě,æ̌,ɛ̌} !C=ç

C{ǔ ǒ ɔ̌} → Cˠ{ǔ ǒ ɔ̌}

Cʷ→Cˠ

tj {rj, ir, ri, gr, rz, zr, rʲ} → t͡ʃ ʒ

ĭ ĕ ɛ̌ æ̌ ŭ ŏ ɔ̌ → ∅/in even syllables counting Iambic from U# or syllable not containing a yer counting from the right.

w → u/C_C !w=wˠ

w → v

Pitch accent becomes stress: Stress becomes fixed on the final syllable:

C[-voice]→C[+voice]/_C[+voice]

C[+voice]→C[-voice]/_C[-voice]

V̆→V

NC[+alveolar]→nC[+aveolar]

NC[+labial] → mC[+labial]

NC[+velar] → ŋC[+velar]

sˠ lˠ nˠ→x ʟ ŋ

dʲ nʲ sʲ zʲ→ɟ ɲ ʃ ʒ

{ʃ,ʒ}s→ʒː

e o ɛ {ɔ a} → iː uː æ ɑ

m̩ n̩ r̩ l̩ s̩ v̩→ ʊm ʊn ʊr ʊl ʊs ʊv

Palatal-Velar Alternations
=Nouns= The noun case system in Chozh has diverged quite a bit from Late Middle Sumri. The old nominative case was lost and was replaced by the old accusative. A reault of this is that the gender is now overtly marked on the noun itself since the old accusative singular varied by gender unlike the old nominative singular. The buzzard gender is marked with -a and the deer with -u. The only other cases to survive were the genitive, allative and comitative. An other large development was the innovativion of two sets of stems for each noun caused by the deeply affecting sound changes. Each noun has two stems; 1st Stem and 2nd Stem. Each stem appears in different parts of the paradigm and so these are marked in tables as 1and 2 respectively. The 2nd stem is very irregular and impossible to derive by looking only at the 1st stem so its form will be given alongside the 1st here and each entry in the vocabulary list will contain the 2nd stem.