Dark Sucumian

dark sucumian vocabulary

= Phonology =

Phonological History
∅→o/C_F (when C and F have different voicing)!C=N

ʂ ʐ>ç ʝ

p t c k q qʷ>f ð ç χ ħ ħʷ/#_, onset of a stressed syllable, _C, C_

ðs sð>θ

e o>i u/_CC

∅>o/#_{r,rː,l,lː,n}

∅>o/C_{r,rː,l,lː}#

N>∅/_CC

Fː F1F2 >ħ

i e>eu au/_C[+uvular, +pharyngeal]

muV>wV

=Noun Phrase=

Agreement
Adjectives follow the noun and must agree to the gender of the noun before taking on further case/number suffixes. Agreement to animate nouns is unmarked while agreement to inanimate nouns is marked. Monosyllabic stems do not need to have any suffixes in order to agree but Monosyllabic V stems mark agreement via metathesis of C(o)F# (the o is applied if the C and F are of different voicing) > FoC# (here the o is applied if the C is /r,rː,l,lː/). Polysyllabic stems must take on the suffix -o (or -e if the syllable before contains /o/, or -u if the preceding consonant is /k/):


 * θorox- ("true") > seġ θoxor ("true sense")
 * θor- ("hard") > seġ θor ("hard sense")
 * xasra ("heavy") > βaroδ xasraxo ("heavy weapon")
 * βarxot- ("useful") > βaroδ βarxoθe ("useful weapon")
 * fak- ("green") > βaroδ faku ("green weapon")

Monosyllabic Stems I
Monosyllabic stems contain only one syllable and are distinguished by syncope of vowels (or shortening of long vowels) occurring after the stressed syllable of the stem.

1The /o/ is applied if the preceding consonant is voiceless.

2The pharyngeal fricative is used if the noun ends in a fricative (which is itself dropped). If the fricative was uvular and caused i e to become eu au then these vowels shift back to i e.

Monosyllabic Stems II
This group of nouns contains inanimate monosyllables that end in the consonants /r/ or /l/. In this declension the inanimate accusative plural is marked by geminating the final /r/ or /l/. The epenthetic /o/ before the word final sonorants is lost when affixes are added.

Monosyllabic Stems III
This declension contains nouns that contain /o/ or /oː/ in the final syllable. In this declension every suffix beginning in /o/ begins with /e/ instead.

Monosyllabic Stems IV
This declension contains nouns that are a mixture of the above, ending in /or/ or /ol/. Like MS II nouns the inanimate accusative plural is -orr/-oll while every suffix beginning in /o/ instead begins with /e/.

Monosyllabic Stems V
This declension may look and inflect like any of the above but nouns in this declension experience metathesis in the stem where a word final fricative after a consonant flips place with the consonant when inflected. If said consonant was a plosive then it will lenite when metathesis occurs, which then merges with the fricative to become ħ.

Polysyllabic Stems II
This group of nouns/adjectives contains inanimate polysyllables that end in the consonants /r/ or /l/. In this declension the inanimate accusative plural is marked by geminating the final /r/ or /l/ followed by the suffix -u.

Polysyllabic Stems III
This declension contains nouns that contain /o/ or /oː/ in the final syllable. In this declension every suffix beginning in /o/ begins with /e/ instead. This includes adjectives that take on -o to agree with inanimate nouns.

Polysyllabic Stems IV
This declension contains inanimate nouns that are a mixture of the above, ending in /or/ or /ol/. Like PS II nouns the inanimate accusative plural is -rr/-ll while every suffix beginning in /o/ instead begins with /e/.

Polysyllabic Stems V
This declension may look and inflect like any of the above but nouns in this declension experience metathesis in the stem where a word final fricative after a consonant flips place with the consonant when inflected.

Polysyllabic Stems VI
Polysyllabic stems are distinguished by their word final /k/, causing the acc.sg/pl animate and gen.sg/pl inanimate to contain the vowel /u/ instead of /o/.